化肥有机肥配合对水稻产量和氮素利用的影响

Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Applied Combing with Organic Manure on Yield of Rice and Nitrogen Using Efficiency

通过对不同施肥下水稻产量和氮肥利用率连续4年的定位观测研究,结果表明:在红壤丘陵区稻田上,土壤氮素来源以施肥带入为主,占土壤氮素总收入95%以上,氮素带出以作物吸收和氨挥发损失为主要途径;水稻对氮素吸收利用与氮素形态关系密切,早稻对无机氮吸收利用好于有机氮,晚稻对有机氮利用优于无机氮;对水稻4年产量统计分析,单施有机肥(M)处理与化肥(NPK)处理具有同等的产量效果,但有机肥料处理提高土壤有机质含量,提升了土壤生产力;单施有机肥(M)处理氮肥利用率达37.8%,化肥有机肥配施(NPKM)处理氮肥利用率为35.1%,而单施化肥(NPK)处理氮肥利用率仅为25.7%。

Four years in site field experiment were conducted to study in the effect of chemical fertilizer applied combing with organic manure on yield of rice and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that the sources of nitrogen in soil were mainly come from application. And it was account for above 95% of total nitrogen input. Nitrogen uptake by rice and nitrogen losses via ammonia volatilization was the main pass of nitrogen output. The inorganic nitrogen was easily absorbed by early rice and organic nitrogen was easily absorbed by late flee. Treatment of applied organic manure （M） and chemical fertilizer （NPK） had the same function of increased yield. Applied organic manure increased the soil organic matter and upgraded the soil productivity. The nitrogen using efficiency under the application of organic manure were 37.8%, higher than under the application of chemical fertilizer combing with organic manure （35.1%） and under the application of chemical fertilizer （25.7）.