大丽花名优品种的引种及露地栽培技术研究

Introduction and Outdoor Growing Techniques of Dahlia Pinnata in Xi’an

[研究目的]将多见于民间零星栽培的传统花卉——大丽花进行大面积集中栽培,并通过举办大型花展的形式使其走进城市居民的生活。[研究方法]通过引种、收集大丽花优良品种,进行地栽试验,从中选择一些适合西安地区栽培的品种并进行大面积栽培,以展览的形式进行宣传和推广。通过十多年的引种栽培试验,从引进的200余种大丽花名优品种中选择了163种适合在西安地区栽培的优良品种,其中红色系的有56种,粉色系的有32种,黄色系的有25种,紫色系的有20种,复色系的有14种,白色系的有10种,黑色系的有6种。并根据其园艺性状分为三大类:第一类是盆栽的品种,约有60多种;第二类是切花品种,约有50多种;第三类是既能作为盆栽、又能作为切花的品种,约有20种。[结论]从甘肃省临洮县引进的大丽花名优品种,大部分能够适合西安地区的气候条件,是一种极具前途、效益可观、十分理想的花展材料,值得推广。

Dahlia is traditionally cultured sporadically in yards and gardens. The author aims to introduce Dahlia Pinnata to urban life by collecting and selecting suitable superior varieties to Xi＇ an, planting them in wide areas, and then conducting associated flower exhibitions, etc. The author have introduced 163 superior varieties from more than 200 varieties, which are suitable to plant in Xi＇ an, including 56 red bloom varieties, 32 pink bloom varieties, 25 yellow bloom varieties, 20 purple bloom varieties, multicolor bloom varieties, 10 white bloom series and 6 black bloom varieties, etc.. They fall into three categories： potted planting type （about 60 varieties）, cutting-suitable type （about 50 varieties）, and potted ＆ cutting-suitable type （about 20 varieties）. In addition, most varieties introduced from Lintao County of GanSu Province are suitable and profitable to be planted in Xi＇ an; they can be developed as excellent exhibiton flowers, and the cultivating techniques are worthy of popularization.