重庆四面山地区几种不同配置模式水土保持林生物多样性研究

Studies on Biodiversity in Five Different Deposition Model of Soil and Water Conservation Forest in Chongqing Simian Mountain

以重庆四面山地区5种人工林群落调查资料为基础,用物种多样性指数(Shannon-Wienner指数、Simpson指数)、均匀度指数(Pielou)和物种丰富度指数对这几种人工林群落进行多样性分析。结果表明:(1)5种人工林群落物种多样性排序为:枫香+木荷+石栎+香樟-灌木混交林>石栎+木荷混交林>杉木+马尾松+木荷混交林>杉木+马尾松混交林>杉木纯林;(2)多样性指数在不同群落间的变化幅度均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。且乔木层以枫香+木荷+石栎+香樟-灌木混交林的生物多样性最高;灌木层以石栎+木荷混交林的生物多样性最高;草本层以杉木纯林的生物多样性最高;(3)不同林型的物种多样性不同,其生态效益、环境效益也有较大差异。建议在四面山地区以及类似生态区,今后退耕还林过程中选择以常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林为主的乔-灌结合混交林模式,以提高人工林群落的物种多样性,实现理想的水土保持林功能。

Based on the data of five different forest communities in Chongqing Simian Mountain, the species diversity was measured with diversity index（ Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index）, evenness index（Pielou） and richness index. The results showed ： （ 1 ） The species diversity of these five different forest communities were in the following order： Deutzia scabra Thunb ＋ Schima superba ＋ Lithocarpus glaber ＋ Cinnamomum camphora 〉 Lithocarpus glaber ＋＇Schima superba 〉 Cunninghamia lanceolata ＋ Pinus massoniana ＋ Schima superba 〉 Cunninghamia lanceolata ＋ Pinus massoniana 〉 Cunninghamia lanceolata. （2） The variation of species diversity index for different strata were herb layer 〉 shrub layer 〉 tree layer. The change of each diversity index between different communities was Deutzia scabra Thunb ＋ Schima superba ＋ Lithocarpus glaber ＋ C camphora mixed forest was the highest in tree layer. In shrub layer the highest was Lithocarpus glaber ＋ Schima superba mixed forest and in herb layer was Cunninghamia lanceolata. （3） Different type of forest had different biodiversity, the same as ecological and environment benefit. During the farmland afforestation, suggest choose tree-shrub mixed model with the main of evergreen broadleaved forest and conifer-broadleaved mixed forest in Simian mountain and similar ecosystem areas. So than it can increase plantation＇ s species diversity and realize perfect function of soil and water conservation forest.