我国农区草业发展再思考

Rethinking of Grass Industry Development in Chinese Rural Area

本文探讨了制约我国农区草业发展的深层原因,主要是受到农耕文化传统,粮食安全问题,消费习惯,比较效益,生产经营方式,草地权属以及建设管理体制等方面的影响。但是,这些制约因素并不能阻止农区草业的发展趋势,总体表现为:农区草业渐进,部分区域加快发展;天然草地开发渐进,粮草结合型草地农业加快发展;肉用家畜产业渐进,奶用家畜加快发展;经济型产业渐进,生态保护型加快发展;农业生产型草业渐进,城乡绿化型草业加快发展。因此,提出加大投入与完善机制相结合,草地建设改良与产业化发展相结合,工程措施与科技措施相结合,工程性投入与政策性扶持相结合,国家支持与调动农牧民积极性相结合,"以草促粮"与"以粮带草"相结合,生态效益与经济效益相结合等发展对策,促进发展农区草业。

The deep reasons restricting the development of grass industry in Chinese rural areas were discussed by this paper and the effects of traditional farming culture, food security, consumption habits, comparative benefit, production and operation, grassland ownership, and construction management system were found to be the main constraints. But the developing tendency of grass industry in rural area is not prohibited and represented by the following aspects： grass industry progresses gradually and rapidly in part areas; natural grassland exploitation progresses gradually and the grassland agriculture with food and grass combination develops rapidly; livestock industry for meat progresses gradually and diary industry develops rapidly; economic type industry progresses gradually and eco-protection industry develops rapidly; grass industry for agricultural production progresses gradually and grass industry for rural and urban gardening develops rapidly. Therefore, we put forward the following developmental strategies of grass industry in rural area, such as the combinations of increasing input and mechanism improvement, of grassland amendment and industrial development, of engineering measures and technological measures, of project input and policy support, of governmental support and taking enthusiasm of the farmers and the herdmen, of promoting food and grass industries each other, and of ecological and economic benefits.