施氮量和花后控水对小麦水分生产效率及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Water Controlling After Anthesis on Water Production Efficiency and Yield of Winter Wheat

在防雨池栽条件下，采用施纯氮10kg／667m2、15kg／667m2、20kg／667m2（分别用N1、N2、N3表示）和40％～50％、60％～70％、80％-90％（分别用W1、W2、W3表示）3种土壤含水量进行处理，研究了氮肥和花后土壤含水量对小麦水分生产效率和产量的影响。结果表明：在同一施氮量条件下，表现为花后土壤含水量过高（80％～90％）或过低（40％～50％）导致穗粒数减少，千粒重降低，最终使产量降低。水分生产效率，则随着土壤含水量的增加而降低。在同一土壤含水量下，表现为增加施氮量有利于提高穗粒数，但过多（20kg／667m2）或过少（10kg／667m2）施氮均不利于穗粒数和千粒重的提高，而导致减产。而对于水分生产效率，表现为增加施氮量提高水分生产效率，而施氮量过高（20kg／667m2）造成小麦贪青晚熟，导致水分生产效率下降。因此，小麦生产中可以通过施用氮肥和控制花后土壤水分含量技术，调控小麦水分生产效率和产量，实现高产高效。

A rain - proof pool culture experiments was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application rate and post - anthesis soil moisture content on water production efficiency and yield of wheat, which adopted three nitrogen fertilization treatments （ N1 = 10, N2 = 15, N3 = 20 kg/667m2） and three soil water content treatments （wl ： 40% 50% , w2 ： 60% - 70% , w3 ： 80% - 90% ） respectively. The results indicated that over high soil moisture content （80%- 90% ） or over shortage soil moisture content （40% -50% ） after anthesis could cause the decrease of kernel number per spike ,thousand kernel weight （TKW） and final yield under the same nitrogen fertilization treat- ment. However, water production efficiency decreased with soil water content increasing at the same nitrogen application rate. Under the same soil moisture content, it presented that increasing nitrogen application rate was favor to the improvement of kernel number per spike, but over much （20kg/667m2） or over shortage（10kg/667m2） nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and TKW, at last, it could lead to yield decrease. Moreover, water production efficiency increased with improving nitrogen fertilization rate at the same soil moisture, but over much （20kg/667m2） nitrogen fertilization led to later maturation of winter wheat and thus water production efficiency decreasing. Therefore, it was considered that the techniques of suitable nitrogen application and soil moisture content after anthesis can regulate and control water production efficiency and yield of wheat, in order to realize high yield and high efficiency in wheat production.