哥伦比亚一体化大运量公交系统国家城市交通计划:从同步创新实践中学习

The Colombia National Urban Transport Program of Integrated Mass Transit Systems:Learning from Simultaneous Innovative Practices

本篇文章描述了哥伦比亚国家城市交通计划(NUTP)的创新实践,并总结了有关经验和教训。通过快速公交系统(BRT)以及体制和公共部门发展等措施,NUTP正在建立由地方实施的一体化大运量公交系统。多系统的同时实施和运营产生了重要的协同作用和规模经济,构成了以提高国家通达性水平为目的的可持续财政策略的一部分。NUTP的创新分为三个层次:第一,在国家计划层面,NUTP为国家政府和参与城市之间提供财政和技术协作的可持续框架。哥伦比亚政府向符合条件的基础设施融资提供高达70%的资金,而剩余部分则由各城市提供;第二,在城市层面,通过将公交服务的运营外包给私营部门,使参与城市能够全力提供高效且高质量的服务;第三,在项目层面,通过基于BRT网络的一体化大运量公交系统,大中城市获得了体制发展和运营改进,同时由于重大城市发展项目的实施,也让社会经济受益并使哥伦比亚城市居民的生活得到了改善。

This paper describes the innovative practices associated with the Colombia National Urban Transport Program （NUTP） and summarizes experiences and lessons revealed from the experience to date. The NUTP is implementing locally-executed integrated mass transit systems （IMTS） through bus rapid transit systems （BRT） and institutional and public sector development approaches. The simultaneous implementation and operation of multiple systems creates significant synergies and economies of scale, as part of a sustainable financial strategy for improving mobility in the country. The innovation is regarded in a three-fold level： i） At the Program level, through the NUTP by providing a sustainable umbrella framework for the financing and technical collaboration between the National Government and the participating Cities. The GoC provides up to 70% of the funding for eligible infrastructure financing while the remaining funding is provided by the cities; ii） At the Municipal level, through outsourcing the operation of transit services to the private sector, participating cities are able to deliver efficient and good quality services, and iii） At the project level, through integrated mass transit systems based on bus rapid transit networks, institutional development and operational enhancements for large and intermediate cities, with milestone implementations of urban development projects that have spurred socio-economic benefits and improved the lives of Colombian city dwellers.