肺内钍沉积量的测量系统在预防尘肺中的作用

The Measurement of Thorium Lung Burden and Its Preventive Function for Pneumoconiosis.

目的探讨肺内钍沉积量的测定及其在预防尘肺中的作用。方法负高压静电收集呼出气中钍射气子体法测定肺内钍沉积量;尘肺诊断采用双盲法。结果通过275名矿工中50名0^+期可疑尘肺患者的X射线胸大片结果发现,当肺内钍尘沉积量达到756mg,就有可能引起0^+期可疑尘肺。从1名Ⅰ期尘肺矿工肺内钍沉积量连续7年的动态观察发现,其肺内44%的钍半排期为112d,其余56%的钍半排期则接近7 000a。结论肺内钍沉积量的测定在含钍粉尘所致尘肺中可以起到积极的预防作用;Ⅰ期尘肺患者吸入肺内钍尘的一部分可以排出,但大部分将长期滞留在肺内。根据肺内钍沉积量进行岗位轮换,暂时调离接尘岗位,加强个人防护措施,均能起到防止尘肺发生发展的作用,达到保护工人健康的效果。

Objective To discuss the measurement of thorium lung burden and its preventive function for pneumoconiosis. Methods Exhaled thoron activity was measured by a negative high voltage electrostatic collection and measurement system. Pneumoconiosis were diagnosed by double - blinded method. Results 50 out of 275 miners suffered from 0 ＋ pneumoconiosis. The result showed that if one＇ s thorium lung burden reached 756mg, the pneumoconiosis of stage 0 ^＋ would be induced. Meanwhile the result of 7 year - follow - up study on a miner suffered from pneumoconiosis stage I indicated that 44% of the residual lung burden was clearing with a half - time of 112 days. However, the half - time of the second phase was - 7 000 years. Conclusion The measurement of thorium lung burden could help the prevention from pneumoconiosis.