劳动力市场统计性歧视的起因、长期性和反歧视措施研究

On Statistical Discrimination in the Labor Market:Causes,Long-term Existence and Anti-discrimination Measures

统计性歧视模型利用劳动能力信息非完全的思想对劳动力市场长期存在的非生产力特征引起的工资差距现象做出了充分的解释。研究发现:群体能力差距、群体能力测量效度差距和人力资本投资内生化是产生统计性歧视的三个主要原因。而雇主更新能力信息的低效率、歧视效应的代际传递,以及雇主在能力甄别中的策略性行为使得统计性歧视能够长期存在。文章同时也总结了实证研究的主要发现和结论,评述了反歧视措施的有效性。

The authors hold that the statistical discrimination model fully accounts for the phenomenon of income discrepancy caused by non-productive features that have long existed in the labor market through incomplete information on labor competency. A review of the literature reveals three major causes for statistical discrimination, namely, discrepancy in competence within the group, invalid estimation of the competence of the group, and endogenous investment of human resources. Meanwhile, the low efficiency of employers in updating the information, crossgeneration transition of discrimination, and the strategies taken by the employers in judging the competence all lead to the long-term existence of statistical discrimination. The paper also summarizes major findings and conclusions of empirical studies. Validation of anti-discrimination measures is also discussed.