传统描述、直接指称与二维语义理论

Theory of Description,Direct Denotational Semantics and Two-Dimensional Semantics

在探讨语词的意义时,传统描述理论主张语词的意义由某个或某些描述语以某种特定的方式给出,直接指称理论主张语词的意义就是语词所指称的对象本身,两者各有偏颇。二维语义理论则展示了一种关于语义内容的双重组合。在二维框架下,每个表达式都有两种不同的内涵:认知内涵和虚拟内涵。它们均对表达式的意义的解释承担角色。

In discussing the meaning of a word, Theory of Description contends that the meaning of an expression is determined by a description or some descriptions by certain way; Direct Denotational Semantics contends that the meaning of an expression is determined by the object itself. Both of them em- phasize one thing at the expense of another. By contrast, Two-Dimensional Semantics holds that the meaning of an expression has dual dimensions which are composed of both them. According to Two-Dimensional Semantics, every expression has two kinds of intentions： epistemic intention and subjunctive intention. The former is evaluated in epistemic domain, the later is evaluated in metaphysical domain. Both of them play different explanatory roles.