“一孩半”生育政策的社会性别与社会政策视角分析

The "One-and-A-Half Child Policy":An Analysis from the Perspective of Gender and Social Policy

文章从社会性别和社会政策视角分析了"一孩半"生育政策出台的背景、目的、带来的问题和解决问题的途径。该政策在中国一半以上的人群中推行,对人们的生育观念和生育行为产生了巨大影响。由于政策与生俱来的性别"短视",也由于该政策与其他相关社会政策的不协调、政策执行过程中的偏误以及配套措施的不完善等缘故,"一孩半"生育政策在某种程度上直接和间接地与出生性别比的失衡相关。在传统的性别观念依旧强烈的广大农村地区,在人们尚不能平等对待男性和女性胎儿的情况下,在社会政策之间的协调性并不充分的前提下,推行"一孩半"生育政策姑息、纵容、甚至在一定程度上强化了人们的性别偏好。解决这一问题应该从梳理、协调、配套相关政策出发,通过对生育政策的改革以及社会性别的宣传教育,进一步完善政策,从而真正达到推行生育政策增进性别平等的初衷。

This paper analyzes the background and purposes of the girl-exception birth planning policy （i.e., if the first child is a daughter, the couple is allowed to have a second birth in rural areas; it is also called the “1.5-child policy”）, assesses its unexpected conse-quences, and provides suggestions for dealing with these consequences from the perspectives of gender and social policy. The “1.5-child policy”, implemented in over 56 percent of the total population in China, has substantially affected the reproductive norms and behaviors of the Chinese population, It is related to the highly skewed sex ratio at birth. In the context of strong son preference in the countryside and the context of somewhat conflicting social policies relevant to gender equality, the “1.5 child policy” has further reinforced son preference. To alleviate the abnormal sex ratio at birth more effectively, it is necessary to reform the current birth planning policy, and coordinate various social policies that may conflict with each other in relation to gender equality.