积温变迁对冬小麦夏玉米一年两熟播期的影响

Effects of Changes of Accumulated Temperature on Sowing Dates of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize

利用兖州市1971～2008年气象资料,分析夏秋冬积温变迁及其对小麦玉米一年两熟播期的影响。结果表明,2001～2008年平均小麦越冬前0℃以上积温相比20世纪70年代明显增加,小麦越冬始期和理论最佳播期分别推迟8d和5d;每10年平均夏玉米生育期间16℃以上的积温逐渐增加,玉米在6月15日前直播能满足中熟品种对积温的需求。适应气候变暖的规律,小麦适宜播期应由传统的10月1～10日推迟到10月5～15日,玉米改麦田套种为6月15日前直播,将收获期推迟到9月下旬,合理茬口搭配,能充分利用温光资源,有效预防小麦冬前旺长和玉米粗缩病危害,实现周年高产。

Based on the meteorological data of 1971 -2008 in Yanzhou City of Shandong Province,changes of the accumulated temperature during summer autumn and winter and their impacts on sowing dates of winter wheat and summer maize were analyzed. The results indicated that the mean accumulated temperature above 0℃ before wintering of wheat of the last eight years had obviously increased than the 1970s, the wintering stage and the best of theoretical sowing date for winter wheat should be postponed by 8 days and 5 days. The mean accumulated temperature above 16℃ during the growing period of summer maize in the last ten years increased by degreesThe sowing date in June 15tb could meet the need of accumulated temperature for mid-maturing varieties. To adapt the climate change, the sowing date for winter wheat should be postponed from October lth to 10th to October 5th to 15th, Summer maize should be sowed after harvesting of wheat before June 15th instead of intercropping field with wheat,and delayed the harvest period by late september. This winter wheat-summer maize cropping system can fully utilize temperature and light resources and prevent the flourishing growth before wintering and the damage of maize rough dwarf virus disease.