旅游发展与乡村变迁:“起点—动力”假说

Tourism Development and Rural Vicissitudes:the Hypothesis of "Origin-Dynamics"

为解释一个特定的乡村为何会选择旅游发展道路,为何会长期延续旅游发展道路,并最终实现旅游主导的乡村变迁,笔者同时参考了旅游地生命周期假说这一旅游地演化研究领域的经典理论与来自新制度经济学的路径依赖理论,提出"起点—动力"假说。起点即由历史赋存和偶然事件所组成的发展初始状态,动力即自然环境、社会、经济、文化、政治等发展要素之间的复杂关联和相互作用。这一假说强调一种跨学科、多视角的研究方法,在追求普遍解释力的同时,也充分考虑到不同地区都在严格意义上具有独特的发展环境。

In order to explain why a specific village chooses and keeps on tourism-led development and finally experiences rural change dominated by tourism, the paper introduces the hypothesis of ＂Origin-Dynamics＂ based on classical tourism area life cycle from the domain of destination evolution studies and the ＂ Path- dependence＂ theory form new institutional economics. ＂Origin＂ means the initial state of development characterized by historical endowment and occasional events while ＂Dynamics＂ refers to the complex interrelation and interaction of various development elements such as natural environment, society, economy, culture and politics. The hypothesis of ＂ Origin-Dynamics＂ stresses interdisciplinary and multi-perspective researches, which fully takes into account the unique development circumstances in strict sense in different rural areas while seeking for general interpretation.