从大规模侵权看侵权责任法的体系变迁

On the System Transformation of the Tort Law Based on Mass Tort

现代事故风险社会导致大规模侵权案件频繁发生,要求现代侵权法作出相应的体系调整:归责原则从一元过错责任过渡到过错责任与危险责任并重的二元归责;损害、因果联系要件采取有利于保护受害人的判断标准;企业责任享有重要地位;侵权法与社会保障法、保险法的救济途径并存;应协调一般侵权法与特别侵权法以及诉讼法的关系。

Modern society filled with accidents and risks causes the mass torts to occur frequently, which claims for modern tort law to make the corresponding adjustments of the system： The unitary fault liability transformed into dualistic liability principle system paying equal attention to the fault liability and strict liability; The constitutive requirements of damage and causation adopt the standard of value judgment advantageous to protecting the victim. The enterprise liability enjoys the important position. There coexist relief approaches of tort law, social security law and insurance law. And it is necessary to coordinate the general tort law and particular tort law as well as the procedural law.