试论现代管理理论中的“二元对立”问题

On the Problem of the Duality in the Modern Management Theories

现代西方管理理论中的一系列基本理念,诸如科学管理与人本管理、X理论与Y理论、控制与自组、集权与分权、机械组织与有机组织、理性决策与直觉决策、普遍原则与权变观等,存在着对立与冲突。这种"二元对立"的现象,渗透于管理价值、人性假设、管理机制、组织模式、管理方法的选择等各个环节。西方传统的"非此即彼"式的机械论思维方式无法为这种理论困局提供有效的支持。只有立足于唯物辩证法的思维逻辑才能实现诸种管理理念的互补与协调。通过对这些管理理念的辩证分析,努力寻求解决问题的途径。

One distinctive feature of the evolution of modern western management theories is that there are contradictions and conflicts between a wide range of basic management thoughts including scientific management versus humanistic management, x-theory versus y-theory, controlling versus autonomy, mechanical tissue versus organisms, policymaking by rationality versus by intuition, universal principles versus contingency perspective etc. The duality permeates every aspect of management links such as management value, assumption about human nature, management mechanism, model of the organization and management methods. The traditional western ＂either this or that＂ idea can not offer an effective way to solve the theoretical difficulties while the problem can only be coordinated and complemented on the base of materialistic dialectics. This article attempts to find a problem solution through the dialectic analysis on these management ideas.