田吉兹、尤罗勃钦碳酸盐岩油气田石油地质考察及对塔里木盆地寻找大油气田的启示和建议

Enlightenment from Petroleum Geology Investigation of Tengiz and Yurubchenskoye Carbonate Oil-Gas Fields on Exploring Giant Oil-Gas Fields in Tarim Basin

概略介绍了哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯石油天然气生产近况,详细考察了哈萨克斯坦田吉兹油田和俄罗斯尤罗勃钦油气田的石油地质条件,包括油气田基本面貌、地质构造背景、烃源岩、储层、盖层、成藏等特点。两油气田均处于海相克拉通盆地长期发育的古隆起上,年代古老(8亿年前),具有大面积分布和一定厚度的有机碳含量为1%～2%的泥质岩、泥质碳酸盐岩作为生油层;碳酸盐岩储层特性因受潜山风化作用而变好;均有巨厚盐层作优质盖层;两油气田均多期成藏,早期油藏因遭破坏而形成大量固体沥青,但后期油气仍得以大量保存。最新观点认为,不含泥质的纯碳酸盐岩有机质含量很低,不能作为有效生油层。针对塔里木盆地寻找大油气田的目标和勘探实际,论及石油地质考察后九方面的启发,提出三方面的建议和塔里木碳酸盐岩地质研究要攻关的五个难题。

Recent oil-gas production of Hazakhstan and Russia is briefly introduced.A detailed investigation on petroleum geology conditions,such as basic oil-gas field features,geological structural setting,source rock,reservoir,caprock as well as pool-forming etc.,has been carried out in Tengiz oil field in Hazakhstan and Yurubchenskoye oil-gas field in Russia.The two oil(gas)fields are all in paleo-uplift long period developed in marine craton basin.The sedimentary rock is age-old(800 Ma),widely distributed and has a certain thickness.It has argillite and argillaceous carbonate source rocks with 1% 2% of organic-carbon content,carbonate rock reservoir getting well caused by buried-hill weathering,hugely thick salt strata as a good quality caprock as well.The two oil(gas) pools are formed in multiperiods.The earlier oil-pools have been destroyed to leave a great deal of solid bitumen but the later ones are largely preserved.Aiming at purpose and practice of exploring giant oil(gas)fields in Tarim Basin,the paper discusses enlightenment in nine aspects from petroleum geology investigation,puts forward three proposals and five key research projects for Tarim carbonate rock geological study.