稻田冬季保护性耕作对土壤酶活性以及稻米品质的影响

Effect of winter conservation tillage in paddy field on soil enzyme activities and grain quality

为研究稻田冬季保护性耕作对土壤酶活性以及对水稻品质的影响,本试验设计了5个不同种植模式,即稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖种植马铃薯(T1)、免耕直播黑麦草处理(T2)、免耕直播油菜处理(T3)、免耕直播燕麦草处理(T4)以及空闲(CK),以杂交组合国稻-6号为材料。研究结果表明:(1)比之对照(CK),T1、T2和T3处理均可显著提高其土壤蛋白酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶以及转化酶活性,尤其是T1处理,其土壤酶活性明显高于其他处理;(2)T1、T2和T3处理均能改善稻米品质,和对照(CK)相比,整精米率和蛋白质含量明显提高,垩白度、直链淀粉含量以及胶稠度明显降低;(3)在本试验条件下土壤酶活性对稻米品质影响的程度依次为中性磷酸酶>蛋白酶>过氧化氧酶>转化酶。

Five planting models of winter conservation tillage in paddy field, as straw covered potato under zero-tillage （T1）, ryegrass under zero-tillage and direct seeding （T2）, rape seed under zero-tillage and direct seeding （T3）, oat grass under zero-tillage and direct seeding（T4）and the control （CK）, were designed for studying their soil enzyme activities and grain quality of Guodao-6. The results were showed that （ 1 ） Compared to the control, T1, T2 and T3 treatments could significantly increase the activities of soil proteinase, neutral phosphatase, catalase and invertase, and the soil enzyme activities in T1 treatment was higher than those in other treatments. （2） T1, T2 and T3 treatments could improve the grain quality displaying higher head milled rice and protein content as well as lower chalk degree, amylose content and gel consistency than those in control. （3） In this experiment, the soil enzyme activities correlated significantly with the head milled flee, protein content, chalk degree, amylose content and gel consistency with the highest relative degree in the neutral phosphatase, followed by the proteinase, catalase and invertase.