RNA干扰技术和家蚕杆状病毒表达系统在纤维素酶研究中的应用前景

Application Prospects of RNA Interference and Silkworm Baculovirus Expression System in Cellulase Research

植物通过光合作用产生的纤维素是地球上最丰富、最廉价的可再生资源。纤维素酶是糖苷水解酶的一种,能有效地将农作物秸杆等富含纤维素的物质水解为葡萄糖,进而发酵产生生物乙醇,从而解决农业、再生能源以及环境污染等问题。随着生物化学、分子生物学以及基因工程等多种交叉学科的快速发展,获得适合工业化的高活力的纤维素酶指日可待。RNA干扰是利用双链RNA特异性地降解相应序列的mRNA,从而特异性地阻断相应基因的表达,是后基因组时代的一种强有力的调控目的基因表达的实验工具。家蚕杆状病毒表达系统是一种快速、高效表达外源基因的技术手段,目前该系统的发展和应用已经非常成熟。本文综述了纤维素酶的特性以及近年来国内外对纤维素酶、RNA干扰和家蚕杆状病毒表达系统的研究进展,并对该两种实验技术手段在今后纤维素酶研究中的应用前景作了预测和展望。

The celluloses produced by the world. Cellulases are one kind of crop straws, to glucoses effectively, plants are the most abundant and cheap renewable resources in glycosidases, which can transform cellulose materials, such as which can be fermented to bioalcohol, sloving the problems of agriculture, renewable resources, environment and so on. With the rapid developments of biochemistry, molecular biology and gene engineering, it can be expected soon that we can get some cellulase with high activities fitting for industrialization. RNA interference （RNAi） uses dsRNA to degrade target mRNA and interrupt the expression of target gene specifically. It is a strong experimental tool that regulates the expression of target gene in post-genome times. Silkworm baculovirus expression vector system （silkworm BEVS） is a rapid and high effective technology to express foreign genes, and has been developed and applied very maturely. This paper introduced the characterization of cellulase, summarized the research status of cellulase, RNAi and silkworm BEVS around the world, and made a forecast and prospect about these technologies anolied in cellulase research in future.