一种路径概率感知的无线传感器网络目标跟踪协议

Path Probability-aware Target Tracking Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

目标跟踪是无线传感器网络的一种重要应用。目标跟踪协议可分为使用预测和不使用预测两种。许多使用预测的协议假设被跟踪对象保持当前的速度和方向继续运动,但是,在目标沿着一定路径运动时,当处于路径拐点或是分叉点,遵循这种假设的算法很有可能失败。因此,提出一种路径概率感知的目标跟踪无线传感器网络协议。利用路径的拐点和分叉点的目标方向概率信息来预测目标运动新的方向,并且根据节点相对于路径以及邻居的位置来分配感应、通信和运算的能量。提出与路径走向概率相适应的调度方式。概率分析表明,本协议提供更好的目标跟踪效果并且节省能量。

Target tracking is one of the most important applications of sensor networks. Target tracking protocols can be classified as predication based or non- predication based. Many predications assume that the target being tracked keeps the speed and direction. When the target travels along some path and passes the turning point of cross road, the assumption tends to fail. This paper proposes a path probability - aware target tracking protocol. Using the probability information to predict the new direction of the target and use the information of the paths and neighbors to distribute the energy of the sensing, communication and calculation. A sleeping and waking- up mechanism suitable for the distribution is proposed. Probability analysis shows that our protocol provides better surveillance quality and saves energy.