抗震救灾部队军人心理应激状况研究

Researches on psychological stress of earthquake relief soldiers

目的探讨抗震救灾军人心理应激状况，为早期心理干预提供依据。方法采用晤谈法、观察法、回顾性调查法及军人心理应激自评问卷对昆明军区某部在北川县参加抗震救灾的226名士兵进行心理应激状况及相关因素分析。结果（1）抗震救灾士兵在救援初期最突出的三种心理应激反应表现为：心情压抑，心身疲惫，恐惧、焦虑，自责心理。（2）96％的抗震救灾士兵在救灾早期表现出较强烈的心理应激反应，但至救灾第3w末降至9．3％。（3）地震造成的巨大破坏、环境恶劣及身体疲劳是救援士兵心理应激诱发因素，而多种鼓舞士气的外部因素则可减缓心理应激状态。结论抗震救灾士兵心理应激水平显著高于平时，但诱发因素去除后不良情绪反应会减弱或消失；提高士气是减少军人心理应激反应的重要途径之一。

Objective To study the stutas of mental stress in earthquake relief soldiers. Methods Interview method, observation method, retrospective survey and self-rating stress questionnaire for soldiers were applied to study the mental stress condition of the earquake rrelief solders in Beichuan county. Results （1） The three most prominent psychological stress responses of the relief soldiers in early period were feelings of depression and psychosomatic fatigue, fear and anxiety, self-reproach. （2） There were 96% soldiers displayed intense psychological stress reaction in the 1st week, but at the end of 3 weeks the number fell to 9.3% . （3）The huge destruction from earthquake, harsh environment and physical fatigue were the psychological stress-induced factors for the soldiers. Some exterior factors to inspirite moral could relieve the soldiers＇ mental stress responses. Conclusion The soldiers have significantly higher mental stress level in in earthquake relief than in normal time. Eenhancing the soldiers＇ morale is one of the important ways to relieve the mental stress.