贵州省城市化过程中的城市生态环境问题

Ecological and Environmental Problems in the Processes of Urbanization in Guizhou Province

本文首先介绍建国以来贵州省的城市化进程,结合贵州省脆弱的喀斯特自然环境和人类活动的影响,探讨贵州省城市化过程中的生态环境问题。贵州省城市化过程中的生态环境问题主要是:①城市空气质量差,酸雨严重,"热岛效应"突出;②城市绿地率不高且布局不够合理,水土流失严重;③城市水体污染问题突出,影响了水环境质量;④城市噪声污染总体上不容乐观;⑤地质灾害较重;⑥城市土地利用结构不合理。最后提出在喀斯特地区重建城市生态环境的对策。

Karst landforms are so widely distributed in Guizhou province, and the karst environment is very vulnerable in nature and with extremely limited environmental capacity, they can hardly sustain long development of local economy and society. It is easier to be destroyed but more difficult to be restored for the Karst ecosystem. In present paper the processes of urbanization in Guizhou province from 1950s were firstly introduced. Then ecological and environmental problems were discussed based on the vulnerable karst environment in nature and the behaviors of human beings in Guizhou province. The main ecological and environmental problems in Guizhou included the bad air qualities and serious acid rain in industry cities. ＂Hot island effect＂ showed very popular in big city, esp. , in Guiyang city. The areas of green land in Guizhou＇s cities were much less than in other province＇s cities in China. Land plans were very unreasonable so it was need to put some laws into practice to improve land uses and plans for the recovery of good ecosystem. In addition the soil erosion in cities was also serious, which usually happened with water pollution of cities coming from non - pollution. Noise pollution and the geological disasters were not well controlled in cities as well. Finally the strategies to reconstructs good ecological environment in the karst area of Guizhou province were suggested.