口腔诊疗器械及环境乙型肝炎病毒污染的调查研究

Hepatitis B Virus Contamination on Dental Instruments and Setting

目的调查口腔诊疗器械灭菌后乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)污染状况。方法用无菌棉拭子反复涂抹物体表面,以5件同类器械为1份样本;高速和超速两次离心,分别取其上清液和底部沉淀液;用ELISA法检测HBsAg,巢式PCR法定性检测HBV DNA。结果一级医疗机构灭菌后口腔诊疗器械、诊疗环境HBsAg阳性率为3.59%,且在HBsAg阴性样品中HBV DNA阳性率为6.45%;二、三级医疗机构均阴性。结论一级医疗机构仍存在HBV污染,应强化医院感染管理,并加大监管力度,严格落实《消毒技术规范》。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the hepatitis B virus（HBV） contamination of dental instruments before and after disinfection. METHODS A sterile swab was used to wipe the instrument surface more times （wiping 5 same kinds instruments as 1 sample）, each sample was then centrifuged at high and super-speed 2 times, to choose the supernatant and bottom fluid to be detected; the HBsAg and HBV DNA were detected by ELISA and PCR assay. RESULTS HBsAg positive rate was 3.59% in the primary care hospitals. HBV DNA positive rate was 6.45% in the HBsAg negative samples, but samples collected from secondary and tertiary care hospitals was negative for both HBsAg and HBV DNA. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of HBV contamination still remains in primary care hospital after disinfection at present, so supervision on the sterilization of the primary hospital should be enhanced according to the Technical Standard for Disinfection.