国家改革过程中地方政府角色的转型——基于王安石变法时期路级提刑司的研究

National Reform and Local Government Role Transform——A Study on the Tidianxingyusi of Wang Anshi Reform Period

北宋熙宁、元丰时期,以王安石为代表的变法派进行了以"富国""强兵"为主要目标的著名的改革运动。提点刑狱司这一宋代重要的路级司法、监察机构与此次变法关系密切。在王安石变法时期,改革者对提刑司相关制度进行了一系列改革,如降低提刑官的选任标准、严格考核制度、配备属官、增加武臣提刑等,使之更符合新法的需要。与此同时,改革中最重要的"富国""强兵"等职能在提刑司等地方政府执政中得到明显增加。从这场著名的变法运动可以看出,提点刑狱司作为宋朝地方统治体系中最重要的"司法、监察官",在北宋中期王安石变法中角色发生明显的转型,司法之外的财政、军事职能得到显著增强。这种"多面手"的角色转型适应了改革的需求,为国家机器的正常运转、改革措施的推行和地方社会的稳定做出了重要贡献。

In the Northern Song Dynasty＇s ＂XiningYuanfeng＂ period, Shenzong emperor and Wang Anshi make a fanious reform. The reform covers a lot of fiends, such as economic and military affairs. Tidianxingyusi is an important province organization. It has close relationship with this reform. In the ＂XiningYuanfeng＂ period, the government reformed the Tidianxingyusi institution, such as establishing Tidianxingyu officer＇s subordinate, declining the death penalty check power, and changing the Tidianxingyu officer＇s examination system. Make the system suit the need of new law reform. At the same time, the Tidianxingyusi and other local government take a great role transformation in the reform, such as economic and military affairs. The Tidianxingyusi plays an important role in the new law reform. From the famous reform, we can find Tidianxingyusi which was ＂judicial and supervises＂ role has a great change in this reform. Economic and military functions increase greatly. It became a ＂versatile person＂ and necessary part of the Song Dynasty＇s rule system. And it makes an important contribution to the country＇s peace and law＇s implement and local society＇s steady.