西北牧区草地生态建设补偿依据与标准研究--以退牧还草工程为例

Study on Ecological Construction Compensation Basis and Standards of Grassland in Northwest Pastoral Areas——Taking the Grazing Withdrawal Project for Example

草地生态建设补偿的理论依据和补偿标准的确定是草地生态补偿研究的核心问题,也是草地生态建设补偿实施可行性和有效性的关键。通过对西北牧区主要生态经济类型区农牧户的调查,针对退牧还草工程草地生态建设补偿依据的不合理性,认为在生态建设补偿的基本阶段,草地生态建设补偿标准应当依据草地承载力理论和草畜动态平衡原理,结合草地生态经济系统单位草地面积的净初级生产能力和载畜能力进行核算,确定各省退牧区不同草地类型禁(休)牧饲料粮、围栏、补播的补偿标准,并据此提出相关的建议。

The core issue of grassland ecological compensation research is the determination of theoretical basis and compensation standards of grassland ecological construction, which also is the key of the feasibility and effectiveness of compensation implementation in grassland ecological construction. Through the farmer household investigation of main eco-economic zone in northwest pastoral areas, according to unreasonable basis of grassland ecological construction compensation of the Grazing Withdrawal Project, it is considered that grassland ecological construction compensation standards should be based on grassland grazing ca- pacity theory and pasture-livestock dynamic equilibrium principle in its basic stages, combined with the net primary production and stocking capacity per unit grassland area of pasture eco-economic systems, then identified the compensation standards of forbidding （rest） grazing feed grain, fencing and reseeding of different pastoral types in each province withdrawal areas, and several suggestions have been put forward.