幼儿汉语字形和语义与图形加工速度的发展与比较

The Development of Toddlers' Chinese Orthographic, Semantic and Figural Processing Speeds

测量了127名4-7岁幼儿基线速度、汉字字形、语义和图形加工速度的年龄差异。结果发现:(1)基线速度的反应时随年龄增加而缩短,正确率不发生变化,对不同加工速度的年龄变化具有部分中介作用。(2)幼儿的三类加工速度随年龄加快,4岁儿童汉语加工水平低于图形加工水平。儿童进入小学后汉语加工水平开始提高,达到图形加工水平。(3)学龄前儿童加工汉语刺激的速度及其变化率慢于学龄初期儿童,4岁儿童的汉语语义加工能力要好于字形加工。(4)幼儿汉语空间认知水平低于空间刺激和汉字的言语认知水平。练习是造成图形加工速度、汉字语义加工速度快于汉字字形加工速度的原因之一。

127 toddlers were tested with four processing speed tasks in order to make a comparison between the reaction time and aceuraey of Chinese orthographic, semantic and figurai processing speeds. The results showed that 1 ） RTs of baseline speed got faster with the increase of age but was not the same as accuracies. 2） From preschool age to grades one and two on, the speeds of orthography, semantics and figure got faster. The level of processing Chinese was lower than that of figures at the age of four. Chinese processing would improve only from grade one up. 3） Preschoolers processed Chinese in a slower manner than first and second graders with the same ratio as that of speed. 4）Their recognizing semantics was better than orthography and the four-year-olds could finish the mental rotation tasks successfully. 5） Toddlers＇ recognizing figures was better than the spatial features of Chinese. Toddlers preferred processing Chinese as a verbal stimulation to a spatial one. Exercises heightened the speed and accuracy of recognizing figural and semantic features of Chinese.