中小学生推理能力和元认知与注意力的比较

A Comparison of Logical Reasoning Ability,Metacognition and Attention Among Primary and Middle School Students at Three Different Levels of Achievements

以674名中小学生为被试(其中学优组270人,学中组241人,学困组163人),测量研究了三种不同学业成绩水平学生的逻辑推理能力、元认知以及注意力的不同发展特点,结果表明,学习中等生的注意力水平、逻辑推理能力与学习优秀生相比明显落后,而其元认知能力的发展与学习优秀生相比则基本相当,未表现出显著偏低的态势;学习困难生的逻辑推理能力、元认知能力与学习中等生相比显著偏低,在注意力水平上二者并不存在显著性差异。这对于教育的启示是:对学困生的干预补救应注重提高他们的元认知水平和逻辑推理能力,而对中等生的促进和提高则应以注意力水平与逻辑推理能力的提高为关键。

Based on the test of 674 primary and middle school students （including 270 high-achievers, 241 average achievers and 163 students with learning disability）, this paper focuses on the different development characteristics of the logical reasoning ability, metacognition and attention of students at three levels. The auther found that the attention and logical reasoning ability of averageachievers were obviously lower than that of high achievers, while the metacognition of these two levels was appoximately the same. The logical reasoning ability, and metacognition of students with disability were found to be obviosly lower than those of average achievers; there was no difference in the attention of these two levels; so the remedial work of students with learning disability should he carried out with stress on improving their metacognition and logical reasoning ability, and the focuse of the improvement of the average achievers should be on their attention and logical reasoning.