数学优差生任务转换中的准备效应

Effects of Preparation in the Task Switching of High-and Low-proficiency Learners of Math

采用任务转换范式考察144名数学优差生任务转换中的准备效应。结果发现:延长反应-线索间距和线索-目标间距都减小了转换代价,表明任务定势惯性和任务定势重组都起作用;学优生监控当前目标的同时选择任务表征的能力,以及激活新任务定势的同时抑制先前任务定势的能力都比学差生强;反应定势选择和反应定势转换能力从8岁到18岁都逐渐增强。

The study explored the effects of preparation in task switching. The subjects were 144 high- and low-proficiency learners of math. The experiment manipulated the response-cue interval and the cue-target interval. The results indicated high-proficiency students did better than low-proficiency students in maintaining and selecting among the different response sets, and in switching from one response set to another. What＇s more, there was an improvement of the ability of task switching throughout adolescence.