人类超常记忆的认知神经科学研究综述

A Review on Neurocognitive Research in Superior Memory

借助脑成像技术,人类超常记忆研究揭示出:世界记忆大师与常人存在显著的脑功能差异,如海马等区域的激活;随着领域内训练增加,知识与经验逐渐取代一般能力来影响记忆活动,如在空间记忆任务上相关脑区激活量减少且集中;行为层面的记忆理论找到了相应的电生理基础,如国际象棋记忆的"组块"位于颞叶,音乐领域的"长时工作记忆"与脑区负波有关。同时,期待更多从生理层面上来揭示人类超常记忆能力实质的研究。

Using brain imaging, research on superior memory has disclosed that compared to average people, masters in the World Memory Championship have functional brain differences such as the activation of the right posterior hippocampus. With more training in the area concerned, knowledge and experience play a more important role in the domain-specific memory instead of general cognitive abilities, as showed by the decrease of ERD. The brain correlates of chunks in chess are supposed to be in the temporal area. Evidences for the LTWM in the brain are also found. More cognitive neuroscience research on superior memory is needed to be done in the future.