植物高效利用土壤难溶态磷研究动态及展望

DYNAMICS AND PROSPECT ON STUDIES OF HIGH ACQUISITION OF SOIL UNAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS BY PLANTS

本文在论述磷资源危机及磷肥供求矛盾的基础上，对土壤的潜在磷累资源、供磷特性、不同植物类型以及相同植物的不同基因型间对土壤难溶态磷的吸收利用差异、潜力及开发利用意义等进行了简要的评论。展望了植物的遗传多样性与生理机制，以及利用杂交有种、细胞走向诱变及其基因工程等现代生物学手段进行筛选、走向诱导、基因转移及分子克隆等培育高效利用土壤难溶态磷作物新品种的可行性及应用前景。展现了植物基因工程与现代生物科学的发展动态以及在增加植物抗性、改善品质、提高某些特定指标方面转基因植物的成功实例与应用效果，并对当前植物矿质营养遗传学领域所存在的某些关键技术环节及近年来所取得的一些突破性进展也进行了简略的评述。

On the basis of resource critics of global rock phosphate, potential supplyand requirement of phosphorus fertilizer reviewed. It discussed soil potential phosphorussource, characteristics, various genetic efficiency of plant species or genotypes ofacquisition for unavailable phosphorus from soil, the exploitation and application ofplant species and genotypes in intensive agricultural system. Some possibilities andprospects of producing new varieties with efficiently utilizing phosphorus bycrossbreeding, cell inducing in tissue culture and genetic engineering which includesgenes transferring and molecule cloning etc. were reviewed in the paper. It showed therapid development of plant genetic engineering and modern biological science, somesuccessful approaches of transgenic plants with increased plant resistance-such asinsect resistance, virus disease resistance and herbicide resistance, improvement of foodcrop quality and increasing some specific compounds, for example, high starch contentand sweetener in potato and possibly in other plants-frults and vegetables, high solids-containing in tomato, improving the methionine content and lysine-rich protein intransgenic plant seeds. Some currently key problems existed in the area of mineralnutritional genetics and some broken through advances in the research were also brieflyassessd.