“要从原始传丹诀,万化无非一味真”——张问陶诗歌美学论初探之一

To Pass a Secret Recipe Originally and Seek Truth above All:A Preliminary Exploration of Zhang Wentao's Poem Aesthetical Theory

张问陶诗论中蕴含着丰富的诗歌美学思想,其中的重点就是倡导真,包括表现对象及内蕴的真,如真性情、真意气、真阅历、真趣、真诚,表现手法的求真传真,还追求天真之美。他将真、天真与"人巧"相对,所谓"惟应谢人巧,随意发天籁",甚至以真为诗歌的根本,所谓"要从原始传丹诀,万化无非一味真"。他既说"想到空灵笔有神,每从游戏得天真",又说"关心在时务,下笔唯天真",与袁枚的性灵说单纯指个人情趣有所不同。

Zhang Wentao＇s poem had rich thoughts of poetic aesthetics. The emphasis was to advocate truth, which contained the truth of the expressed object and connotation, e.g. true temperament, true will and spirit, true experience, true taste, sincerity, seeking and passing truth of expression means, and seeking beauty of simplicity. He contrasted truth and simplicity with ＂workmanship＂, i.e. ＂A poet should try to desert workmanship and express at will naturally＂. He even treated truth as the essence of a poem, i.e. ＂to pass a secret recipe originally and seek truth above all＂. He said that ＂when a poet＇s thought is acute and his pen is magical, he often gets poetic simplicity from the creative play＂, and that ＂as a poet concerns himself with the current affairs, his poems must stress simplicity＂, which was somewhat different from Yuan Mei＇s Theory of Xingling that solely directed at the poet＇s personal disposition and taste