中国保险业市场结构与绩效的关系分析

Relation Analysis between Market Structure and Performance in China’s Insurance Industry

改革开放以来,中国保险业经过近30年来的快速发展,已由完全垄断型转变为"寡头垄断,大中小共生"的寡头垄断型市场结构,已具备了良好的产业体系框架和比较理想的市场结构。但是,中国保险业增长质量并不高,发展中存在的以绩效较差为核心,以增长(做大)与发展(做强)相背离为表象的不少问题正在成为保险业做大做强和持续健康发展的障碍。分析发现,中国保险业在市场化改革进程中,尽管整个行业市场集中度在缓慢下降,大企业与在位企业的市场份额分别有了不同程度的下降,新进入企业的市场份额有了明显的增加,但整个产业的集中度仍然较高。而且,由于中国保险业在保险公司进入、产品条款内容和费率厘定方面有较为严格的法律法规和政策限制,并没有严格的保险企业兼并、破产法规和完善的市场退出保障机制,在企业规模和产品差别化方面还未形成明显壁垒。这种制度模式在继续保持了整个行业较高的市场集中度的同时,也降低了市场竞争程度,影响了市场机制的资源配置作用,形成的不良无效竞争导致了微观企业的绩效不良以及整个产业绩效较差。

Chinese insurance industry has developed very fast in recent 30 years with the process of Reform and opening - up. And the market structure of Chinese insurance industry has turned from monopoly to ＂Oligopoly and different company Symbiotic＂. But the degree of insurance industry growth is not high enough and has some problems such as growth performance is low, so they become growth obstacles of make Chinese insurance industry bigger and stronger. We find with the Market - oriented reform process, the degree of concentration of total insurance industry is declining slowly, the market share of big insurance companies is also declining, the market share of new insurance companies is increasing. But the degree of Concentration of total insurance industry is still high. Although there are strict laws and permission policy of entering insurance market and product clause, It is lack of market Exit mechanism, there is no obvious barriers to scale and product differentiation. This System duces the level of led to the adverse model not only leads to high degree of concentration of total insurance industry, but also recompetition, constraints market mechanism of resource allocation. Invalid adverse competition performance of micro - enterprises, as well as poor performance of the whole industry.