甘南玛曲高寒草地蒲公英锈病初步调查研究

Preliminary Research on Taraxacum Rust Disease from Alpine Grassland in Maqu County in South Gansu

[目的]探索蒲公英锈病的发生规律,寻求最佳的病害防治措施。[方法]对甘南玛曲不同季节和不同海拔的蒲公英锈病发生情况进行初步调查,对其病害症状进行描述,对病原进行鉴定,并对冬孢子的形态进行光学显微镜和扫描电镜表面超微结构拍照。[结果]蒲公英锈病的病原菌为山柳菊柄锈菌,冬孢子双胞,表面光滑。地形对蒲公英感病率有影响,随着海拔的升高,蒲公英锈病发病率和病情指数呈明显降低趋势。海拔每升高100 m,其发病率和病情指数分别平均降低17.6%和16.2%。较高的温度、湿度和光照条件可以促进蒲公英锈病的发生与蔓延。[结论]该研究为蒲公英病害致病机理的研究提供了理论依据。

[Objective] The aim was to explore the occurrence regularity of Taraxacum rust disease and look for optimum disease control measures. [ Method] The occurrence conditions of Taraxacum rust disease in different season and altitude were surveyed preliminarily, the disease symptom was described, the pathogeny was identified and the surface ultrastructure of its teliospere configuration were photoed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. [ Result] The pathogeny of Taraxacum rust disease was Puccinia hieracii. The teliospore had two ceils and its surface was smooth. The terrain had influence on Taraxacum infective rate. The incidence and disease index of Taraxacum rust disease showed obvious decreasing trend with the rising of altitude. The incidence and disease index were averagely decreased 17.6% and 16.2%, resp. as the altitude hoisted 100 m. The higher temperature, humidity and illumination could increase the occurrence and spread of Taraxacum rust disease. [ Conclusion] The research provided the theoretical basis for study on pathogenesis of Taraxacum disease.