神经内科重症监护病房抗癫痫药引发药品不良反应报告分析

Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Anti-epileptic Medicines in Intensive Care Unit of Neurology

目的:探讨住院患者使用抗癫痫药出现的不良反应,为神经内科危重患者合理使用抗癫痫药提供参考。方法:采用回顾性调查方法,对2006年5月～2007年11月我院神经内科重症监护病房继发性癫痫患者抗癫痫药引发的不良反应报告进行分析。结果:神经内科重症监护病房抗癫痫药引发的不良反应有24例,占总数的47.06%(24/51)。引起不良反应的药品主要有卡马西平、丙戊酸钠、奥卡西平和苯巴比妥;不良反应的表现有皮疹、白细胞减少、肝功能异常及低钠血症等。经及时救治,全部治愈。结论:临床医师在选择药品时应充分考虑药品的风险/效益比,尽量选择疗效明显、副作用小的药品,以减少不良反应对患者的损害。

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the adverse drug reactions（ADR） caused by anti - epileptic medicines used for pa- tients in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit （ICU） for reference of rational use of anti- epileptic medicines. METHODS： The ADR induced by anti - epileptic drugs between May 2006 and Nov. 2007 in neurological ICU patients with secondary epilepsy were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS： A total of 24 ADR cases （24/50, 47.06%） induced by anti- epileptic drugs were reported from Neurological Intensive Care Unit（ICU） . The ADR were mainly induced by carbamazepine, valproate sodium, oxcarbazepine and phenobarbital, and the ADR mainly appeared as skin rash, hypolekocytosis, hepatic dysfunction and hyponatremia etc, but all cured after prompt treatment. CONCLUSION： The risk/efficiency ratio should be considered in clinical use of anti - epileptic drugs, and those drugs showing remarkable efficacy and few adverse reactions should be used preferably to reduce the damage to patients caused by ADR.