糖蜜酒精废液对甘蔗光合及氮素代谢中关键酶和产量的影响

Effect of vinasse on the photosynthetic and nitrogen metabolism physiological characteristics and cane yield of sugarcane

通过直接浇灌不同定量糖蜜酒精废液于甘蔗,并与常规施肥和不施肥处理进行比较试验。研究糖蜜酒精废液对甘蔗不同生长时期光合和氮素代谢一些生理性状及产量的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,施45、75、105 t/hm2糖蜜酒精废液都提高了甘蔗的产量,但只有施105 t/hm2处理达到显著水平;施用45 t/hm2糖蜜酒精废液的叶绿素含量、苹果酸酶、硝酸还原酶、全氮含量、水溶性蛋白质等光合、氮代谢生理指标在4个时期与常规施肥无显著差异,施用75、105 t/hm2糖蜜酒精废液的上述各项生理指标在甘蔗伸长期和成熟期显著高于施用45t/hm2糖蜜酒精废液和常规施肥。上述各项生理指标在伸长期都与产量成正相关,其中硝酸还原酶活性和蛋白质含量与产量的相关性达到显著水平。直接浇灌糖蜜酒精废液提高了甘蔗生长中后期的光合作用和氮素代谢,从而提高了产量。

Different rates of vinasse were applied as liquid fertilizer at planting of sugarcane with the routine fertilizer application and no fertilizer as the controls. To investigate the effects of application of different rates of vinasse on some photosynthetic and nitrogen metabolism physiologicl characters and yield in dissimilarity growth period. The results indicated that, application of vinasse 45, 75 and 105 t/hm^2 all increased the cane yield compared to routine fertilization treatment. However, only the treatment with 105 t/hm^2 vinasse significantly improved the cane yield. The content of chlorophyll a, water soluble protein, nitrogen and the activity of nitrate reductase, NADP - malic enzyme and amylase in the 45 t/hm^2 vinasse treatment did not significantly differ from those in the treatment with routine fertilization at four stages. The photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolsm parameters were significantly higher in the 75 and 105 t/hm^2 vinasse treatment compared to 45 t/hm^2 vinasse and the routine fertilization treatments at grand growth and early maturity stages. The physiological indices were all positively cor- related to the cane yield, among which the nitrate reductase activity and water soluble protein content were significantly correlated to the cane yield. Enhanced photosynthetic and nitrogen metabolism physiological characteristics of sugarcane at boom growth stage and early technical maturing stage, and beneficial to increase photosynthetic and nitrogen metabolism of sugarcane, which as a result enhanced the cane yield. This indicated that directly irrigating sugarcane with vinasse could improve the photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of sugarcane plants at grand growth and early maturity stage, and finally increase the cane yield.