不同类型附着基对刺参生长和存活的影响

Effects of Shelter Type on the Growth and Survival Rate of Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus Selenka,in Earthen Pond

附着基是刺参(Apostichopus japonicus,Selenka)池塘或围堰养殖水体中设置的专用养殖设施,其功能主要是为刺参提供避光场所和培养刺参的天然饵料。本实验比较研究了石头、瓦片、塑料管、空心砖和水泥管5种不同附着基处理对刺参(规格为5.0 g±2.0 g)生长和存活的影响。结果表明,不同附着基上异养菌含量差异显著,5月附着基上异养菌含量显著的低于11月;石头附着基刺参的成活率最高,但其生长速度较慢;空心砖刺参的生长速度最快,成活率略低于石头;空心砖和石头附着基处理刺参产量显著高于其他附着基,瓦片、塑料管和水泥管上海参产量之间差异不显著。仅从养殖效果上看,目前较为流行的5种刺参附着基以空心砖较好。

Shelters are a type of farming equipment especially used in sea cucumber pond and sea ranching. They can provide shelter and culture natural food for sea cucumber. The study was conducted in twenty 8 m （ L ） × 8 m（W） × 2 m（H） net enclosures to investigate the optimal shelter through measuring the growth, sur vivalship and yields of sea cucumber（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka） with an initial size of （5.0 ± 2.0） g for different shelter types of stone（ST）, cement pipe（CP）, earthenware（EA）, brick（BR）, and plastic pipe（PL） from 20th May 2007 to 20th April 2008. The results showed, the numbers of bacteria on the shelters were different significantly among shelter types and higher in Nov. 2007 than in May 2008. The highest survival rate of sea cucumber was gained in ST where sea cucumber growth rate was slow. Sea cucumber grow fastest in BR where, however, the survival rate was lower than in ST. The yields of sea cucumber in BR and ST were significantly higher than in the other shelters where there was no significantly difference in yield. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it could be concluded that BR shelter was the best one for sea cucumber cul- ture among the popular 5 shelter types.