腹腔开放治疗肠瘘并严重腹腔感染73例分析

Open abdomen technique in the management of gastrointestinal fistula complicated with severe intra-abdominal infection

目的研究腹腔开放治疗肠外瘘并腹腔感染的时机、方法与效果。比较不同暂时关腹技术,研究消化道与腹壁重建的时机与效果。方法回顾性分析1999年1月至2008年12月南京军区南京总医院73例接受腹腔开放疗法的肠外瘘并严重腹腹腔感染的临床资料。结果56例(76.7%)行腹腔开放疗法后存活(存活组),10例(13.7%)死亡,7例(9.6%)放弃治疗(死亡及放弃治疗者统称为死亡及放弃治疗组)。死亡原因主要是腹腔出血(5例)、感染和脏器功能衰竭(5例)。腹腔开放前的APACHEII评分在存活组和死亡及放弃治疗组分别为13.5±4.3和16.0±5.8,腹腔开放后第5天时分别降至9.2±4.5和12.9±5.5;腹腔开放第15天时,存活组APACHEII评分降至8.1±6.2,而死亡及放弃治疗组评分重新升高至腹腔开放前水平(16.3±11.8)。脏器功能障碍评分亦有类似变化。结论腹腔开放可有效治疗肠外瘘并严重腹腔感染病人。在多脏器功能严重损害前及时行腹腔开放疗法可有效改善肠瘘并严重腹腔感染的疾病严重度。腹腔开放后第15天左右的疾病严重度可提示病人的转归。行腹腔开放的病人可分为暂时关腹、创面植皮和永久重建3个阶段。消化道与腹壁重建可同时进行。

Objective To investigate the result of open abdomen technique in the treatment of gastrointestinal fistula complicated with severe intra-abdominal infection. Methods The clinical data of 73 gastrointestinal fistula patients complicated with severe intra-abdominal infection received open abdomen therapy from January 1999 to December 2008 at Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA were analyzed retrospectively. Results Fifty-six of 73 patients （76.7%） survived to discharge. Ten patients （13.7%） died and 7 patients （9.6%） gave up the treatment. The main causes of death were hemorrhage of abdominal cavity （5 cases）, infection and organ nonfunction （5 cases）. The average APACHEII score for survivors was 13.5±4.3 before open abdomen and dropped to 9.2±4.5 and 8.1±6.2 after 5 and 15 days of open abdomen. The average APACHEII score for dead patients was 16.0±5.8 before open abdomen and dropped to 12.9±5.5 and increased to 16.3± 11.8 after 5 and 15 days of open abdomen. The score of organ function changed similarly .Conclusion The open abdomen therapy is an effective treatment for gastrointestinal fistula eomplicated with severe intra-abdominal infection. Open abdomen could improve the severity score of severe intra-abdominal infection patients. The therapy can be divided into three stages including temporary closure of the open abdomen, skin graft of open wound and permanent closure of abdomen and resection of enteric fistula. The reconstruction operation of digestive tract and abdominal wall can be performed simultaneously.