绝经期妇女骨质疏松症与心血管疾病

Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women

世界不同地区妇女平均绝经年龄为５０岁。世界银行１９９０年人口调查报告指出，５０岁以上妇女约有４７亿，预计２０３０年将增至１２亿。中国５０岁以上的妇女将占世界总数的２３％，为世界首位。年龄别心血管疾病死亡率妇女低于男子，但随年龄增加至７５岁时妇女与男...

Osteoporosis is a disorder characterised by reduce bone mass ( 2 5SD) and architectural disruption of bone tissue.The cut off value of 2 5SD identifies about 30% of all postmenopausal women as having osteoporosis.Fracture is the result of osteoporosis,the three most frequently affected sites are the hip,apine and wrist.Oestrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women is the most importment cause of bone loss.The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis involves attention to risk and protection factors influencing bone peak bone mass,bone loss and falls.Estrogen replacement therapy can prevent of osteoporosis in women who are estrogen deprived and reduce the risk of fragility fractures when given more than 5 years.Calcium,calcitonin,Fluoride and biophosphonates are also used in reducing bone loss.Supervised exercise in postmenopausal women can preserve or slightly increase bone mass. Cardivovascular disease is an important cause of death in elder women.Menopause may be an independent risk factor contrubuting to this morbidity and mortality.HRT may be protective.The beneficial effects of oestrogens involves a reduce in LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol.This effects may be nullified by concomitant administration of the progestins.Some authors suggest that the beneficial effects of HRT may have been produced by selection bias.