民航飞行人员骨密度和骨代谢指标的测定

Effects of aeronautical environmental on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism marker in Aircrew Members of Civil Aviation

目的探讨高空环境对飞行人员骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响，分析飞行人员骨密度和骨代谢水平与飞行时间的关系。方法某航空公司健康男性飞行员139名（20～60岁）和健康地面男性对照人员37名（20～60岁），按照年龄分成4组：20～年龄组，30～年龄组，40～年龄组，50～印年龄组，分别采用单光子超远端两维骨密度测量法测量骨密度，放射免疫分析法测定血清骨钙素（BGP）水平，采用酶联免疫分析法测定血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BALP），其结果用组间t检验进行比较，各变量与飞行时间之间进行相关分析。结果飞行员各年龄段骨密度均值水平均低于正常值，P〈0．05；50～60岁年龄组尺骨BMD明显低于正常组，P〈0．05。尺骨的BMD受飞行年限的影响较桡骨敏感。飞行人员BGP水平和BALP水平均低于对照组，飞行人员BGP水平和BALP水平与对照组比较，在20～年龄组和30～年龄组均显著降低（P〈0．01），40～年龄组之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05），与累积飞行时间呈显著性负相关（P〈0．01）。结论高空环境能降低飞行员的骨密度，尺骨受高空环境的影响较桡骨敏感。并影响飞行人员的骨代谢水平，且与飞行时间相关。

Objective To explore the effects of aeronautical environmental factors on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in aircrew members of civil aviation, we analyzed the correlations between the level of bone metabolism, bone mineral density and flight hours in aircrew members of civil aviation. Methods 139 healthy male aircrew members of civil aviation （20-60 years） and 37 healthy male controls （20～ 60 years） were randomly selected and were divided into four different age groups （20～, 30～,40～ , 50～60years old）. Bone mineral density （BMD） was measured with single-photon bidimensional ultra-distal bone mineral density, Bone gla protein （BGP） was measured with radioimmunoassay and bone specific alkaline phosphatase（BALP） was measured with enzyme-linked immunoassay. The results were analyzed with t-test, the correlations between the variables and the flight hours were analyzed with hnear correlation. Results The results showed that Standard deviation （SD）of BMD were lower in different aged aircrew members of civil aviation than the control group （P 〈0.05）, the BMD of ulna was obviously lower in group aged 50-60 than in the control group （P 〈0.05）, the effect of flight hours on the BMD of ulna is more sensitive than on the radius, both BGP and BALP were lower in aircrew members of civil aviation compared with control group . The BGP and BALP were significantly lower in groups aged 20 ～ and 30～ than in control group respectively（p〈0.01 ）, while there was no statistical difference between two groups in 40～ group（p〉0.05 ）. The BGP and BALP were significantly inverse correlated with cumulative flight hours （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion These results suggested that the aeronautical environmental factors may reduce the level of BMD in aircrew members of civil aviation, the ulna is more sensitive than the radius, the aeronautical environmental also influence the level of bone metabolism in aircrew members of civil aviation, which was correlated with their flight hours.