“开放式协调”——新世纪欧盟VET政策主要实施机制探析

The Open Method of Coordination——Analysis on the Main EU VET Policy Implementing Mechanism in the New Century

步入21世纪后,在原有实施机制缺乏时效性的内在动因及欧洲教育与培训一体化发展的外在动因推动下,欧盟改变了以往以指令型为主的VET政策实施机制,开创性地将"开放式协调"引入了VET领域。"开放式协调"的最主要特征是"标准化",即通过确立共同的指数与基准目标使欧盟层面的VET政策得到更有效的实施。这一机制的引入,从实质上加速了成员国VET政策的"欧洲化"进程,为"欧洲VET区"的实现奠定了基础。尽管存在着主权让渡、指标与基准的确定及量化与质化等问题,但"开放式协调"对于步入新世纪的欧盟VET政策发展起到了不可替代的作用。

After entering the 21st century, the lack of effectiveness of the implementing mechanism and the trend of inte- gration development in EU VET field become the two main impetuses for the EU to introduce the open method of coordina- tion （OMC） into the VET field to replace the traditional ＂directives model＂. The main characteristics of the OMC is ＂bench- marking＂, that is to make the EU VET policies implemented more effectively through proposing common index and bench- marks. As a result of its introduction, the process of ＂Europeanization＂ in VET field has been accelerated in essence, and also a sound foundation for the ＂European VET Area＂ has been laid. Though there are still many problems unsolved, it＇s undeniable that OMC plays an irreplaceable role in the development of EU VET policies in the new century.