承德避暑山庄杜梨瘿螨发生规律研究

Research on Occurrence Regularity of Eriophyes sp. in Chengde Mountain Resort

[目的]研究杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,并观察评估杜梨瘿螨对其他果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[方法]野外调查结合室内观察了解杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律 室内人工接虫饲育观察杜梨瘿螨对其他多种果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[结果]基本摸清了杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,杜梨瘿螨在承德一年发生2代,以成螨于杜梨芽鳞内越冬,春季4月中旬在杜梨树初展叶时,越冬螨虫开始出蛰活动 7月下旬叶面上的虫瘿数达到最高峰,8月上旬后螨虫开始蛰伏越冬。接虫饲育试验表明,杜梨瘿螨仅在桃、山楂叶片上能存活较长时间,但不能形成虫瘿,在所有的供试果树和蔬菜上均不能最终成活。[结论]杜梨瘿螨活动为害期集中在4~7月,具有生态脆弱性,属单食性害虫,只能在杜梨树上形成虫瘿,对供试的多种植物不构成危害。

[ Objective ] The aim was te explore the life cycle and occurrence trend of Eriophyes sp. on Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge tree in Chengde Mountain Resort. And the possibility that Eriophyes sp. causes harm effect on the other fruit trees and vegetables was observed and assessed. [ Method] The method of field investigation combined with natural occurrence regularity of Eriophyes sp. on Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge tree and the possibility of harm effect on other fruit trees were researched. [ Results] The occurrence regularity of Eriophyes sp. on Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge tree was basically felt out. Eriophyes sp. occurred two generations in the first year of Chengde. In the middle of April, over wintering adult mites began activity, the number of galls reached peak in the last ten-day of July. After the early ten-day of August, mites began the period of dormancy over wintering. Experiment of feeding the pest with those plants showed that Eriophyes sp. can only survive for a relatively long time on leaves of peach and hawthorn, but can＇ t form gall; the pest can＇ t survive on all of those tested plants finally. [ Conclusion ] Eriophyes sp. damaged the tree mainly during April to July. It is a single-feeding post with ecological fragility that can only form gall on Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge tree and has no harm effect on many tested plants.