扎龙国家自然保护区6种雀形目鸟类血液蛋白的遗传多态性

Genetic polymorphism of blood protein of six Passeriformes species in Zhalong National Nature Reserve

采用SDS-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳法,对扎龙自然保护区6种雀形目鸟类(黄喉鹀、黄眉柳莺、黄胸鹀、虎纹伯劳、麻雀和灰头鹀)的4个血液蛋白位点[血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(Alb)、转铁蛋白(Tf)和腺苷脱氨酶(Ada)]进行了多态性检测.结果表明:研究区6种鸟类在这4个血液蛋白位点上均存在多态性,这6种鸟在Ada座位上均表现出较大的遗传变异性;黄眉柳莺的群体遗传变异较大,灰头鹀的群体稳定性相对较高;这6种鸟可划分为两大类,黄喉鹀、黄胸鹀、灰头鹀和黄眉柳莺聚为一大类,麻雀和虎纹伯劳聚为另一类,这与6种雀形目鸟类的实际分类地位基本相符;研究区较高的体温调节价和取食压力并未导致6种鸟类血液蛋白的遗传结构产生较大变异,可能是由于该地区雀形目鸟类与外界存在一定的基因交流,从而缩减了其群体遗传上的变异和分化.

The polymorphism of hemoglobin （ Hb）, serum albumin （ Alb）, trandferring （Tf） and adenosin deaminase （Ada） in the blood of Emberiza elegans, Phylloscopus inornatus, E. aureola, Lanius tigrinus, Passer montanus, and E. spodocephala in Zhalong National Nature Reserve were studied by SDS-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. All the protein loci of the six Passeriformes species exhibited polymorphism, and Ada locus had a relatively high heterozygosity. The analysis of average heterozygosity demonstrated that P. inoraatus had a higher population genetic variance, while E. spodocephala was relatively stable. The six species could be classified into two clusters. E. elegans, E. aureola, E. spodocephala and P. inornatus were clustered into one group, while P. montanus and L. tigrinus were clustered into another group. This clustering was consistent with the actual taxonomic status of the six species. The higher thermoregulation index and predation pressure of the study area did not lead to the substantial variation of hereditary constitution of the six species, possibly due to the gene intercommunion between the six species and the outside of the study area, which decreased the variance and differentiation of the population genetics of the six species.