矮牵牛小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性

Interrelation of Cytological Development Period of Petunia hybrida Microspore and the Morphology of Flower Organ

小孢子发育时期是影响矮牵牛花药培养出苗率的一个关键因素。为了直接判断小孢子的发育时期,对矮牵牛小孢子不同发育时期与花蕾和花药的外部形态特征进行了研究。结果表明,矮牵牛小孢子发育要经过四分体时期、单核期中期、单核靠边期和双核期,各时期的形态特征明显。矮牵牛小孢子发育时期与花蕾的外部形态特征、花药的颜色密切相关。同一花蕾小孢子发育存在一定程度的渐续性即不同步性。根据花器官形态特征可以判断小孢子的发育时期,从而确定花药培养最佳时期所对应的选蕾标准。

The bud size and morphological characteristics of the buds and anthers were defined and the paper focused on the relationship between the microspore development and the calyx characteristics, the size of bud and the color of anthers. The results showed that Petunia hybrida microspore develped at three stages： tetrad, uninucleate and binucleate, and each stage with distinctive characteristics. Microspore development also had correlativity with the morphological characteristics of buds and the color of anthers, We could judge the development stage of Petunia hybrida microspore by morphological characteristics of flower organs so as to define the standard of bud selection in correspondence with the optimal stage of anthers culture.