木本药用植物红豆杉研究的新进展

Recent Advances in Research of the Woody Medicinal Plant Taxus

红豆杉是当今十分重要的一种木本药用植物,从中提取出的二萜类抗癌化合物紫杉醇在全世界已广泛应用于卵巢癌、乳腺癌、非小细胞肺癌等癌症的临床治疗,效果显著。近年来,人们还发现紫杉醇在其它疾病的治疗中也具有很好的作用。本文综述了近年来国内外在红豆杉人工栽培、紫杉醇化学半合成、红豆杉细胞培养、产紫杉醇内生真菌培养、代谢工程方面的最新研究进展,对当前工作中存在的问题进行了探讨,并对有关研究的发展前景进行了展望。

Taxus is an important medicinal plant. Taxol （generic name paclitaxel）, a complex diterpene amide derived firstly from the Pacific yew（ Taxus brevifolia） tree, has been approved as an important pharmaceutical drug. This antitumor and antileukemic agent is effective against several cancers such as ovarian and breast carcinomas. More recently, taxol has shown promising results in drug-eluting coronary artery stents used in the treatment of diseased vasculature. In this paper, the recent research progresses in Taxus cultivation, Taxol chemical semisynthesis, Taxus cell culture, endophytic fungus and future perspectives for these research areas culture and Taxol metabolic engineering are surveyed. The problems are discussed.