个体解放与文化平等——20世纪60年代美国文化运动与多元文化主义思潮的内在关联

Individual Liberation and Cultural Equality:Exploration of the Linage between the Idea of Multiculturalism and the Cultural Movement of 1960s in the US

"多元文化主义"思潮在美国的产生,固然与美国近年社会结构变化相关,但从更本质层次上而言,其根源在60年代的文化运动。60年代的美国青年通过对"人"这一主体的认知功能的再认识,对人类认识观念的再反思,使得思维论从一元走向多元,从总体化、同一性走向多元性、多样性;通过对价值的重估,倡导多元兼容性的概念,打破单一性的文化模式,与多元文化主义的理论内涵遥相呼应。同时,通过对正统理论的挑战,彻底地动摇了盎格鲁—撒克逊这一美国传统文化的核心地位,为多元文化主义者的目标诉求——元与元之间相互平等———架起了一座隐性桥梁。

In the past 20 years, the idea of multiculturalism has been in vogue in the US, contrary to the present cultural characteristics of globalization. Although this idea made its appearance with the changes of social structure in the US, essentially, its inner source can be traced back to the countercultural movement of 1960s. By reflecting upon the cognitive ability of human beings, reappraising life values, and calling for the idea of coexistence of cultural differences, the movement undermined the traditional Anglo-Saxon＇s culture, the core culture in the US, and built an invisible bridge for the muhiculturalists to reach their goal of equality of all cultures.