我国6省市5类城市职业人群自测健康状况及影响因素研究

Study on self-rated health status and its influencing factors among 5 kinds of urban occupational populations in 6 provinces in China

目的了解我国城市职业人群健康状况及影响因素，为制定相关措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法，在全国东部、中部和西部地区抽取6个省（自治区、直辖市），每省市随机抽取2个地级市，每个地级市中按照公务员、科技人员、企事业管理人员、教师、体力劳动者5类职业人群抽取若干单位，对18-60岁5类职业人群进行问卷调查，采用许军等编制的自测健康评定量表对调查对象健康状况进行评估。结果共收回有效问卷13177份。调查对象自测健康评定量表总分为73.34±1.86分，生理健康、心理健康、社会健康子量表得分分别为77.61±11.56分、68.64±16.36分和73.17±14.91分。5类职业中，公务员量表总分最高，为74.83±11.89分，其他依次为科技人员73.84±11.39分，企事业管理人员73.58±12.09分，体力劳动者72.78±12.24分，教师得分最低，为71.65±11.44分。6个地区中，北京地区调查对象量表总分最高，为75.47±11.46分，宁夏地区调查对象最低，为69.29±11.99分。男性社会健康得分为72.77±15.25分，女性为73.56±14.54分，女性得分高于男性（P〈0.05）。多元线性回归显示，教师、离异者量表总分较低，受教育程度越高、家庭人均月收入越高，量表总分越高。结论我国城市职业人群中，教师的自测健康状况较差。自测健康状况与性别、受教育程度、婚姻状况、家庭经济水平等有关。

Objective To understand the status of self-rated health among 5 kinds of urban occupational populations in 6 provinces in China, to explore the factors associated with self-rated health, and to provide the scientific basis for developing related measures. Methods With multi-stage stratified sampling, 6 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipality directly under the Central Government were selected from east, central and west regions in China, and 2 prefec- ture-level cities were selected from each province. In sample cities, 5 types of occupational populations, including civil servants, scientific and technical personnel, administrative staff, teachers and physical workers, aged 18 -60 were assessed by Self-rated Health Measurement Scale Version 1.0（SRHMS V1.0）. Results 13177 valid questionnaires were obtained. The SRHMS score of the respondents was 73.34±11.86. The scores of physical health, mental health, social health sub-scales and total scale were 77.61±11.56, 68.64±16.36 and 73.17±14. 91 respectively. In 5 occupational groups, civil servants had the highest total score, which was 74.83±11.89, followed by scientific and technical personnel 73.84±11.39, administrative staff 73.58±12.09, physical workers 72.78±12.24 and teachers 71.65±11.44. In 6 sample regions, the respondents in Beijing had the highest total score 75.47±11.46, and the respondents in Ningxia had the lowest score 69.29±11.99. The social health scores were 72.77 ±15.25 in male and 73.56±14.54 in female, with significant difference （P〈0.05）. The results of multiple linear regression showed that teachers and divorcee had lower total score, and the respondents with higher education level or higher per-capita monthly income had higher total score. Conclusion Teachers reported poorer self-rated health than other occupational populations in China. The self-rated health status was associated with gender, education level, marital status and family income.