六城市成年吸烟者尼古丁依赖状况

Cross-sectional study on nicotine dependence of adult smokers in six cities

目的了解6城市市区成年吸烟者尼古丁依赖水平和其相关因素。方法采用多阶段抽样法,分别在北京、沈阳、上海、长沙、广州和银川6个城市各抽取800名成年吸烟者,采用入户调查的方式进行问卷调查。结果调查对象尼古丁依赖水平(HSI)为2.5±1.7,其中男性2.5±1.7,女性1.9±1.7,低于发达国家。影响尼古丁高度依赖的因素主要有性别、年龄、学历、吸烟年数、健康意识和购烟平均价格。男性(OR=2.352)、教育程度低的吸烟者更容易出现尼古丁高度依赖,并且随着学历降低,高度依赖的程度逐渐增高(以大专、大学及以上为对照,中学、中专人群的OR值为1.417,小学或以下人群的OR值为1.853);烟龄超过10年的吸烟者依赖程度更高(OR=4.519);认为吸烟对自己的健康没有影响(OR=1.345)和认为吸烟有益健康的人群(OR=2.419)、购烟平均价格为每盒4元以下的人群更容易出现高度依赖(OR=1.635)。结论我国吸烟者的尼古丁依赖评分(HSI)比发达国家低。在我国,男性、高年龄、教育程度低、烟龄超过10年、健康意识低、购烟平均价格低的人群更容易出现尼古丁高度依赖。

Objective To collect the information on nicotine dependence of Chinese adult smokers and under-stand the related factors of high nicotine dependence in adult smokers. Methods 4800 adult smokers were interviewed in Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou and Yinchuan. 800 smokers in each city were selected with multiple stages sampling method. Results The level of HSI was 2.5±1.7 in adult smokers in China, 2.5±1.7 for male and 1.9±1.7 for female, which were lower than that of smokers in developed countries. The result of logistic regressions for predicting the probability of high nicotine dependence showed that gender, age, education, years after becoming a regular smoker, health consciousness and price per pack of last purchase could enter the equation. Male（OR=2.352） and lower education had significant associations with high nicotine dependence. The lower education the smokers had, the higher nicotine dependence they were （the high education as contrast, the OR of the medium education was 1.417; the OR of low education was 1.853）. People who had smoked more than 10 years had high nicotine dependence （OR= 4.519）. People who regarded smoking was neither good nor bad for their own health （OR=1.345）, regarded smoking was good for their own health （OR= 2.419） and purchased belowe 4 yuan per pack （OR=1.635） had high nicotine dependence. Conclusion Compared with developed countries, the HSI level was lower in China. Male, higher age, lower education, smoking more than 10 years, failing to understand smoking damage, and purchasing cheap cigarettes were associated with high nicotine dependence.