论普列汉诺夫对唯物史观的贡献

Comments on Plekhanov’s Contribution to Historical Materialism

普列汉诺夫是俄国第一代马克思主义者,国际共产主义运动理论家。许多国内外学者因其晚年在政治上和列宁的分歧而贬低其在哲学上的贡献。然而,从普列汉诺夫对"社会结构"的阐述、对"地理环境"理论的分析、对"个人在历史上的作用"的剖析来看,他丰富并发展了唯物史观。因此,应该对其在马克思主义哲学史中所处的地位给予实事求是的评价,在批判中继承其哲学理论。

Among the first generation of Marxists in Russia, Plekhanov is also a theoretician both in Russia and in International Communist Movement. Many scholars both at home and abroad devalue his contribution to philosophical studies because of his political differences from Lenin＇s in his declining years. However, he has actually enriched and developedMarx＇s theories of historical materialism through Plekhanov＇s elaboration of ＂social structure＂, his analysis of the theory of ＂geographical environment＂, and his dissection of ＂the role played by individuals in the history＂. Therefore, an objective evaluation of his place in Marx＇ s philosophical history is needed to inherit his philosophical theories through criticism.