基于ASI法的长江流域冬油菜区土壤有效磷、钾、硼丰缺指标研究

Study on Abundance and Deficiency Indices of Soil Available P, K and B for Winter Rapeseed in Yangtze River Valley Based on ASI Method

【目的】为当前生产条件下长江流域油菜测土配方施肥技术的推广提供理论依据。【方法】2004-2006连续3个年度在长江流域10省布置油菜肥效田间试验,并用ASI法对基础土壤样品进行测试分析,以缺素区与推荐施肥区油菜籽相对产量<60%,60%～75%,75%～90%,90%～95%和>95%为标准,分别将土壤有效磷、钾和硼分成"严重缺乏"、"缺乏"、"轻度缺乏"、"适宜"和"丰富"5级。【结果】长江流域油菜区土壤有效磷"严重缺乏"指标为<5.5mgP·L-1,"缺乏"指标为5.5～12.5mgP·L-1,"轻度缺乏"指标为12.5～28.5mgP·L-1,"适宜"指标为28.5～38.0mgP·L-1,"丰富"指标为>38.0mgP·L-1;本研究没有建立土壤有效钾及有效硼的"严重缺乏"指标,土壤有效钾"缺乏"、"轻度缺乏"、"适宜"和"丰富"的指标分别是<30mgK·L-1、30～75mgK·L-1、75～100mgK·L-1和>100mgK·L-1;土壤有效硼"缺乏"、"轻度缺乏"、"适宜"和"丰富"的指标分别是<0.25mgB·L-1、0.25～0.95mgB·L-1、0.95～1.50mgB·L-1和>1.50mgB·L-1。【结论】在长江流域油菜主产区,运用ASI法测定的土壤有效磷、钾及硼含量高低分别与不施磷、不施钾及不施硼处理的油菜籽相对产量呈显著正相关关系,据此建立的土壤养分丰缺指标可以用来指导长江流域油菜的测土配方施肥工作。

[ Objective ] To provide a theoretical basis for soil testing and fertilizing recommendation for rapeseed production in the region of Yangtze River valley. [ Method ] Field experiments were conducted in 10 main rapeseed production provinces in the valley during 2004-2006. A series of soil samples were taken before rapeseed transplanting and analyzed by ASI （Agro Services International） method. The abundance and deficiency indices were determined based on the relationship between crop relative yield and available soil nutrient values. Compared to the complete treatment, the relative yields of 60%, 75%, 90% and 95% obtained from the --P, --K and --B treatments were selected to establish the abundance and deficiency indices of soil available P, K and B for winter rapeseed. [Result] The extreme deficiency, deficiency, slight deficiency, optimum and abundance indices for soil available P were 〈5.5, 5.5-12.5, 12.5-28.5, 28.5-38.0 and 〉38.0 mg P.L^-1, respectively. The extreme deficiency critical values for soil available K and B were not appeared in this research. The deficiency, slight deficiency, optimum and abundance critical values for soil available K and B were 〈30, 30-75, 75-100 and 〉100 mg K.LX; and 〈0.25, 0.25-0.95, 0.95-1.50 and 〉1.50 mg B.L^1, respectively. [Conclusion] The relative yields of the --P, --K and --B treatments were significantly correlated with soil available P, K and B contents. The soil available P, K and B critical indices established using the ASI systematic approach and field experiments can be used as guidance for soil testing and fertilizing recommendation for winter rapeseed production in the valleys.