黄花蒿提取物对柑橘全爪螨的生物活性

Acaricidal Bioactivity of Artemisia annua Extracts Against Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

【目的】通过系统测定黄花蒿对柑橘全爪螨的杀螨生物活性,为综合开发利用黄花蒿提供科学依据。【方法】采集6月份和7月份的黄花蒿植株,分成根、茎、叶3个部分,采用石油醚(30～60℃)、石油醚(60～90℃)、乙醇、丙酮和水溶剂的平行和顺序提取方法,获得54种提取物,并测定了它们对柑橘全爪螨的室内杀螨活性。【结果】结果表明,7月份的黄花蒿植株的生物活性大多优于6月份,并以7月份叶的丙酮平行提取物活性最高。对柑橘全爪螨处理48h后,7月份叶的丙酮平行提取物对柑橘全爪螨的LC50(0.4222mg·ml-1)仅为6月份(0.9489mg·ml-1)的44%。对黄花蒿7月叶的丙酮提取物进行柱层析得20种不同的组分,其中组分17的杀螨活性最高,与其它组分的杀螨活性存在显著差异(P<0.05)。【结论】7月叶丙酮平行提取物对柑橘全爪螨的生物活性最强。并对其进行柱层析分离,得20种组分,组分17的杀螨活性最高,具体的杀螨活性化合物还有待进一步深入研究。

[ Objective ] To determine the acaricidal bioactivities of Artemisia annua against Panonychus citri,so to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive development and utilization ofA. annua. [Method] Collect The whole A. annua plants were collected in June and July respectively, and the whole plants were cut into root, stems and leaves, petroleum ether （30-60℃）, petroleum ether （60-90℃）, ethanol, acetone and water were used and extracted by the parallel and sequenced solvents extraction methods, finally 54 kinds of extracts were obtained and their indoor acaricidal bioactivity against P. citri were determined. [Results] The results showed that the biological activity of the A. annua plant in July was better than in June and the acetone parallel extract of leaf in July was stronger than other extracts. The LC50 of the acetone parallel extract of leaf in July was 0.4222 mg.ml^-1, which was only 44% of 0.9489 mg.ml^-1 in June. With the bio-guided isolation method, the acaricidal activity of different components isolated from A. annua July leaf parallel acetone extracts by column chromatography were determined in the laboratory. The 20 kinds of components were obtained, the acaricidal activity of component 17 was the strongest. There was a significant difference between component 17 and other components （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The acetone parallel extract of leaf in July showed a strongest biological activity against P. citri. And separated by column chromatography, 20 kinds of components were obtained, component 17 exhibited a highest acaricidal bioactivity and certain acaricidal bioactivity compound would be identified in further studies.