17种天然植物提取物杀灭鱼类指环虫研究

Antiparasitic Efficacy of 17 Plant Extracts Against Dactylogyrus

以寄生在金鱼鳃部的中型指环虫为指示寄生虫，采用活体感染和活体杀虫的方法，研究了17种天然植物提取物杀灭鱼类指环虫的效果，并对其中杀虫效果最好的3种植物的杀虫活性做了进一步的评价。通过活体杀虫试验表明，重楼、鸦胆子和七叶树种皮提取物效果最好，在浓度36．0、550．0、8．0mg／L时，48h平均杀虫率分别为96．1％、94．0％和94．4％；龙葵和胆南星提取物也具有一定的杀虫效果，其平均杀虫率均在80．0％以上；紫花地丁、南瓜籽、鹤虱、木贼、马鞭草、苍耳、合欢提取物平均杀虫率在50．0％～80．0％之间；姜黄、鹅不食草、射干、香薷、前胡提取物48h平均杀虫率在20．0％～50．0％之间。3种杀虫效果最好的植物是重楼、鸦胆子和七叶树种皮，对中型指环虫48h的ED50分别为17．7、402．0、4．7mg／L。

In search for parasiticidal substances, 17 plants extracts were evaluated against Dactylogyrus （Dactylogyrus intermediu -infected Carassius auratus as animal model） using standardized laboratory procedures. The bioassay-oriented procedure showed that the extracts of Rhizorma parids, Brucea javanica and Aescfdus chinensis exhibited the highest efficacy on removal of D. intermedius with the efficacy of more than 90.00% after 48 h treatment. The efficiency of Arisaema cure and Solanum nigrum on removal of D. intermedius were between 80. 0%-90. 0%and better than that of the extracts of Viola philippica, Lappula myosotis,Verbena of ficinalis and Albizia julibrissin （50. 0%-70.0%）. In addition, Curcuma longa , Rhizoma belamcandae , Peucedanum praeruptorum , Centipeda minima and Mosla chinensis had no significant effects on removal of D. intermedius, with the efficiency of less than 50.0%. The bioassay result showed that the 48 h ED50 values of R. paris, A. cure and S..nigrum were 17.7, 402.0 and 4.7 mg/L, respectively.