从莫言《檀香刑》看长篇小说“史诗”性质的戏剧化演绎

Dramatization Deduction of "Epic" Feature of Novel from Mo Yan's White Sandalwood Punishment

长期以来,长篇小说的创作深受"史诗"品格的影响,其创新和发展受到一定的局限;而且"史诗"的评价标准,也影响到茅盾文学奖的评定标准。莫言的《檀香刑》以"戏说体"的构成方式,对历史叙事长篇进行了戏剧化演绎,突破了史诗的宏大叙事;对历史人物以戏说的描写笔触,关注历史人物的审丑评价,打破了史诗人物的英雄品格;在细节和语言方面,结合猫腔的唱腔和对细节的重彩浓墨的渲染,增加了舞台的气氛,使长篇小说的创作跨越戏剧和小说,构成了跨体写作的文学典范。

The composition of novels has been deeply affected by the nature of ＂epic＂ for a long time so that the innovation and development of novels are limited by it. Moreover, the evaluation criteria of ＂epic＂ also influence the standard of Mao Dun Prize for Literature. However, Mo Yan＇ s novel of White Sandalwood Punishment is a breakthrough to the great narrative by the constructive way of ＂funny drama style＂ on the dramatization deduction for the historical narrative. And both the description written form on the historical people with ＂funny drama style＂ and the appreciation of the ugly comments on the historical people disaccustom the historical people＇ s heroic natures. The novel in the details and the language combined with cat-liked aria and the rich romance of the details improves the stage atmosphere and it makes the novel creation surpass the form of the drama and the novel to create the literature model of the cross-style writing.